O que (quem) é Electrotype - definição
![adj=on}} tall sculpture that crowns the [[Palais Garnier]] (the Opera) in Paris, France. The statue is a gilded copper electrotype, sometimes called a galvanoplastic bronze.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Harmony Gumery Palais Garnier.jpg?width=200 "adj=on}} tall sculpture that crowns the [[Palais Garnier]] (the Opera) in Paris, France. The statue is a gilded copper electrotype, sometimes called a galvanoplastic bronze.")
![D. Electrotypes of 5th-century coins from the [[Canterbury-St Martin's hoard]] in England. Electrotype copies of coins and antiquities were produced for museum display and for private collectors.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Canterburystmartinhoardreplicas.jpg?width=200 "D. Electrotypes of 5th-century coins from the [[Canterbury-St Martin's hoard]] in England. Electrotype copies of coins and antiquities were produced for museum display and for private collectors.")
![Half Taler]], a very rare [[pattern coin]] of 1771. Electrotype.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Poland Half Taler 1771 Silver electrotype copy.jpg?width=200 "Half Taler]], a very rare [[pattern coin]] of 1771. Electrotype.")
![British National Portrait Gallery]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Keatslifemask.jpg?width=200 "British National Portrait Gallery]].")
![F. Copper electrotype (ca. 1903) of [[Raimund Liebhaber]]'s sculpture of an angel. In the early 20th century, the ''Abteilung für Galvanoplastik'' (Galvanoplastic Division) of the WMF company produced many electrotype sculptures for German cemeteries.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Engel-R Liebhaber-Mutter Erde fec.jpg?width=200 "F. Copper electrotype (ca. 1903) of [[Raimund Liebhaber]]'s sculpture of an angel. In the early 20th century, the ''Abteilung für Galvanoplastik'' (Galvanoplastic Division) of the WMF company produced many electrotype sculptures for German cemeteries.")
Wikipédia
Electrotyping (also galvanoplasty) is a chemical method for forming metal parts that exactly reproduce a model. The method was invented by Moritz von Jacobi in Russia in 1838, and was immediately adopted for applications in printing and several other fields. As described in an 1890 treatise, electrotyping produces "an exact facsimile of any object having an irregular surface, whether it be an engraved steel- or copper-plate, a wood-cut, or a form of set-up type, to be used for printing; or a medal, medallion, statue, bust, or even a natural object, for art purposes."
In art, several important "bronze" sculptures created in the 19th century are actually electrotyped copper, and not bronze at all; sculptures were executed using electrotyping at least into the 1930s. In printing, electrotyping had become a standard method for producing plates for letterpress printing by the late 1800s. It complemented the older technology of stereotyping, which involved metal casting. By 1901, stereotypers and electrotypers in several countries had formed labor unions around these crafts. The unions persisted into the 1970s, but by the late 20th century, after more than a century in widespread use for preparing plates, the two technologies had been bypassed by the transitions to offset printing and to new techniques for the preparation of printing plates.
